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Your #Career : The Do’s & Don’ts of Asking for a #Promotion …We’ve Compiled the Ultimate Guide to Asking for a Promotion in a Great One Minute Read!

You work hard. You’d like to see your efforts rewarded. In an ideal world, your superiors would recognize your talent and offer you a promotion. But advancing is rarely that easy. We’ve compiled the ultimate guide to asking for a promotion.

Read on if climbing the career ladder is in your sights!

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Positioning Yourself for a Promotion

  • Do decide on a timeline. Asking for a promotion shouldn’t be an impulsive decision. Planning will allow you to make sure you’re at the peak of your performance and have your results well documented before you broach the topic.
  • Don’t think a promotion will fix everything. Is a promotion really what you need in order to get where you want to be with your career? A promotion won’t make you happier if you’re not enjoying your current company and position.
  • Do analyze your current performance. Are you doing outstanding work? If you’re not meeting and regularly exceeding expectations, you’ll need to step it up in order to get on management’s radar. It also never hurts to volunteer for special projects.
  • Don’t toot your own horn. Sure, you want to be noticed, but it’s important not to come across as arrogant. Do your best to show that you’re confident, not cocky.
  • Do consider the timing. Is your company in a strong financial position? Is the climate generally positive? If not, it might not be the best time to jockey for a better position.
  • Don’t disregard your manager’s goals. Before you ask for a promotion, you should know what your manager’s team objectives are and have a clear idea of how your contributions are helping to knock those goals out of the park.
  • Do keep notes and gather statistics. In the months leading up to when you plan to ask for a promotion, make note of concrete accomplishments. If your job is one that uses analytics, compile statistics to show your successes — numbers talk!
  • Don’t forget to do your homework. Know the skills the position you’re aiming for requires. Make sure you’re prepared to demonstrate how your skills and accomplishments are a good match for the job.
  • Do plant a seed and get feedback.

Let your boss know that you’re interested in moving up in the future. Let them know where you’re at today, and how you see yourself evolving to fill a new role in the future. Have a concrete action plan and ask for feedback on it.

 

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Your #Career : What You Should Know Before Asking For A #Raise In 2018…Keep the Following Things in Mind in Order to Raise the Odds of Increasing your #Salary .

In an ideal world, you’d get offered the salary you want right off the bat. But if you’ve been working or job hunting for a while, you probably know that very few people receive their perfect offer right out of the gate. Most of the time, you have to ask for what you want, make your case, and hope that the company you’re negotiating with has the bandwidth to give you what you’re looking for.

Whether you’re negotiating for more money or perks at your current company or trying to secure the right offer somewhere new, here’s the best advice we heard this year for getting what you deserve in 2018.

1. BE SURE YOUR PERFORMANCE MERITS A RAISE BEFORE YOU ASK FOR ONE

If you’re going to try to negotiate for a bump in your current salary, be sure you can show that it’s warranted. One of the biggest mistakes that can ruin a salary negotiation is not having proof that you’re indispensable to your organization. “The biggest mistake I’ve seen from employees over the years is asking for a raise when their performance is average or sub-par,” says Joanna Buickians, vice president of operations for JBA. “For example, I’ve had sales people asking for raises when they are in the red and not able to close–or worse, people who take frequent vacations, use all their sick days . . . who have a general sense of entitlement and an attitude of, ‘I deserve a raise because I’m just awesome.’ If these employees had shown they’re really worth their salt, by showing up to work on time and working as hard as they could, I would have given a them a raise.”

 

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2. TREAT IT AS A COLLABORATION, NOT A FIGHT

By approaching a negotiation as a way to work with with your hiring manager or HR department rather than against them, you’re more likely to be successful. “Never engage in negotiation as an ultimatum–an either/or–but rather as a collaborative process and a unique opportunity to create a compensation package that makes sense for both you and for them,” advises career coach Roy Cohen. “Establish priorities as to what is most important to you and what items you are willing to trade off.” Then, make your case and say that you’re looking forward to “working together” on this–one of the best phrases to use in a salary negotiation if you want to succeed. “Unless you know for sure that you are indispensable, and few of us ever are, successful negotiation should never become adversarial. That is a bad sign that the process has broken down or will,” Cohen continues.


Related: Your Cheat Sheet To Negotiating These Five Perks With Your Next Job Offer 


3. DON’T FEEL LIKE YOU HAVE TO SHARE YOUR CURRENT SALARY

It’s super common for recruiters to ask what you’re making at the moment and what you’re looking for in terms of compensation in your next job. You do not have to answer this directly, and it’s actually one of the things you should never say during a salary negotiation, according to Josh Doody, author of Fearless Salary Negotiation. “I call this The Dreaded Salary Question, and it’s tricky because it usually comes up early in the interview process, and most candidates don’t think of it as part of a salary negotiation, even though it is,” he says. “Answering this question by disclosing numbers can make it very difficult to negotiate effectively later on, because it can box the candidate in. Once they disclose current or desired salary, the offers they get are very likely to be tied to those numbers. That can be very expensive if the company might have offered them a much higher salary than they disclosed.”

4. WAIT AS LONG AS YOU CAN BEFORE DISCUSSING SALARY

This one is especially true if you’re trying to score a great salary at your first job, but it’s applicable to all job seekers. In addition to avoiding naming a number that you’re looking for in terms of salary, “you also want to defer the salary conversation as long as possible, because the longer you can defer that discussion, the more time you have to impress them in your interviews and convince them that you should be paid at the higher end of the range they have budgeted for the role,” Doody says. By leaving the money talk until the end of the job application process, you’re more likely to nab a higher paycheck.

5. THINK BEYOND DOLLARS AND CENTS

It can be tempting to focus on the dollar amount you’ll be taking home each month or year, but if your prospective employer isn’t open to changing how much money they’re offering you, don’t forget about benefits negotiation, which can actually be one of the most important parts of figuring out your salary. Consider what might be worth bartering for, whether it’s extra vacation days, better medical or dental benefits, a gym membership reimbursement, or even commissions.


Related: Four Ways You’re Messing Up Your Salary Negotiations Early In Your Career 


6. LET THEM KNOW YOU WANT TO ACCEPT THE JOB

In the final stages of negotiation, another helpful phrase is something along the lines of, “If you can do x, I’m ready to accept your offer.” This lets them know you want to accept the job, but you need a little something more first. “When you get to this phase of the negotiation, you want to make it clear to the recruiter or hiring manager that saying ‘Yes’ will end the negotiation so they’re more comfortable acquiescing,” Doody says. For example, you may want to say, “I understand you can’t come all the way up to $60,000. It would be great to add an additional week of paid vacation along with the $55,000 you suggested. If you can do that, I’m on board,” he suggests.

7. DON’T USE YOUR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AS A NEGOTIATION TOOL

While it might feel logical to explain your personal financial situation as your reasoning for needing to earn more money, experts say this can also ruin your salary negotiation. “One of my employees requested a meeting to negotiate their salary,” says Lori Bizzoco, cofounder of NV Media, Inc. “They came into the meeting and right off the bat started to discuss their personal financial situation at home: She was getting married and the wedding was costing more than she and her fiancé had anticipated. She used the wedding as a bargaining tool to ask for a raise. At the risk of sounding less compassionate than I really am, I must express the importance of leaving personal issues out of the conversation when asking for a raise. As much as I empathize with financial struggles, an employee can create a more compelling argument for a raise by providing evidence of his or her hard work.”

8. KNOW YOUR WORTH

One of the simplest and most effective tools you can use in a salary negotiation is information about what others in your position make. That’s why our Know Your Worth tool is so useful when you’re looking for a new job or trying to up your pay at an existing job. By inputting some basic a information about yourself and your job history, you can get a better understanding of your market worth. Armed with this knowledge, you can negotiate confidently.


Related: How To Negotiate Your Salary When You Have No Obvious Leverage


9. USE YOUR NETWORK FOR RESEARCH

Another tool you can add to your research arsenal is your business contacts. Journalist Jillian Kramer did exactly that when recovering from a lowball salary offer at a magazine: “I spoke with contacts and coworkers until I found a connection between one of them and a former employee at the magazine. And after a quick introduction, that former employee was happy to dish on what he’d earned when he’d worked in the exact position I was going to fill.” With this in mind, Kramer was able to make a more informed counter offer to the hiring manager, and ended up with a salary that she was much happier with.

10. NEVER APOLOGIZE

According to Doody, “sorry” is another thing you should never say in a salary negotiation. Why? “Negotiating is uncomfortable, and our natural tendency is to try to smooth the edges on a difficult conversation. Saying sorry could signal to the recruiter or hiring manager that you might be willing to back down, and that could be expensive. Don’t apologize for negotiating.”

FastCompany.com | January 2, 2018 | BY JULIA MALACOFF—GLASSDOOR 7 MINUTE READ

Your #Career : Former Wall Street executive Sallie Krawcheck Explains the Best Way to Ask for a Raise — and Get One…Just Because you Deserve a Raise Doesn’t Mean you’re About to Get One. More Often than Not, you Have to Ask — and Then Back up your Request.

At the S.H.E. Summit in New York City in October, Sallie Krawcheck — the former Wall Street executive and founder of Ellevest, an online investing adviser for women — spoke about ways women can proactively bridge the gender pay gap. But her advice can be applied universally: Don’t just ask for a raise, she said — provide definitive proof that you deserve it.

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“Be as quantitative as you can be,” she said. “Put numbers on paper.”

Vague requests can easily be denied, but hard facts are far more difficult to argue with.

Krawcheck suggests keeping a running list quantifying everything you do, from the number of clients you bring in to the size of the budget you manage to the work you do on each project. When you go in for a performance review or salary negotiation, you’ll be prepared with indisputable evidence of exactly what you contribute to the company.

 

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Krawcheck also advises looking up your position on sites like Glassdoor and Fairy God Boss to know how your current salary compares to the marketplace and gain an idea of how much you should be making.

“We have more resources now than ever before,” Krawcheck noted. “We should be excited about technology.”

As Krawcheck suggests, it’s smart to make the salary negotiation about the facts and leave personal emotions out of it. Demonstrate why you deserve a raise and how you’re contributing to the company, don’t whine about wanting more money.

“You should always link individual performance to departmental goals, and then to overall company goals and how what you’ve done directly impacted each,” Adam Ochstein, founder and CEO of StratEx Partners, previously told Business Insider.

And if you get denied, don’t take it personally — find out why it isn’t possible right now and what you can do differently. Don’t be afraid to be direct: “Ask, ‘What can I do to make this amount?'” Krawcheck said.

And then do it.

 

Businessinsider.com | November 1, 2016 | Emmie Martin

Your #Career : How to Tell If you’re Underpaid…Employers Generally Hold Comparative Salary Information Close to the Vest, and Unless you can Tease Exact Dollar Figures out of a Colleague to See If your Pay is in the Same Ballpark, you May Be Left Wondering if you’re Earning a Fair Wage for your Title and Field.

It’s notoriously difficult to find out how much other people make for doing the same job as you. Employers generally hold comparative salary information close to the vest, and unless you can tease exact dollar figures out of a colleague to see if your pay is in the same ballpark, you may be left wondering if you’re earning a fair wage for your title and field.

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A recent Glassdoor survey found that close to 40% of employees think they aren’t paid what they’re worth, with more women than men feeling this way. But believing you’re underpaid and knowing it are two different things. Here are some convincing signs that suggest you’re not making enough.

Your numbers are below industry norms

While it can be challenging to determine whether you make less than a co-worker in your company due to lack of pay transparency, you can find out average salaries of others who share your title in the industry at large. Several career websites offer salary benchmarking, includingSalary.com, PayScale.com, Glassdoor.com and Indeed.com. These online sites offer resources (many of them free) to help employees research how much they’re worth using tools such as national and regional compensation reports and salary profile databases that are searchable by title, experience level, geographic location and company. Check out the salary bands for your position on several of these different career sites, average the salaries from all of the sources and see if yours ranks near these numbers or falls below the threshold.

 

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Your salary progression has stalled

If you came on board in your entry-level job at a salary you knew was low (after all, you were a newbie) but haven’t moved up the pay scale much since then, it’s likely you haven’t caught up enough. Once you accept a position that’s below market rate, it can be difficult to prove to subsequent employers what you’re really worth and make up the difference, since hiring managers often base starting salaries on the amount you made previously. Minute raises year over year (in the range of 1 to 3 percent) mean that even those who started at the same level as you may be raking in more by now if they’ve received more substantive annual raises. Think about this point in relation to how much your level of responsibility has changed as well. If you were promoted by being given more tasks or a higher title but your boss has made no mention of a raise, chances are you’re being underpaid for what you’re doing now.

You’ve never asked for more money

Salary negotiation is an important part of making what you’re worth. While many employees balk at the idea of broaching the topic of getting paid more, research has shown that asking for a salary bump often results in receiving one. A 2015 study by PayScale found that 75% of those who requested more money got it. Yet many people never work up the nerve to ask — particularly womenand millennials. This fear of salary negotiation can have very expensive consequences over the lifetime of your career, resulting in potentially hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost income.

Being underpaid can be discouraging, but it doesn’t have to be inevitable. If you find out you’re making too little money, be willing to step up to the table and start negotiating — or start seeking a new employer who will pay you as much as you deserve.

Read the original article on U.S. News & World Report. Copyright 2016. Follow U.S. News & World Report on Twitter.

Businessinsider.com | October 12, 2016 | Robin Madell, U.S. News & World Report

Your #Career : A Former FBI Hostage Negotiator Says there’s One Question you Should Ask When you Can’t Get the Salary you Want…When it Comes to a Salary Negotiation Or Any Negotiation, for that Matter, it’s Best to Take a Step Back and Think About What you’re Really Trying to Accomplish. In this Case, it’s Building your Career.

You probably know from personal experience that companies aren’t always able to offer you the salary you want. At some point, the hiring manager may tell you that, yes, you’d be a valuable asset, but they just can’t go any higher.

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Assuming you really want the job, it’s tempting to accept their answer and leave feeling like a pushover.

Don’t.

There’s a more important question you should be asking than how much they can pay you — a question that can help ensure your success and happiness in your new role:

How can I be guaranteed to be involved in projects that are critical to the future of the company?

That’s according to Chris Voss, a former FBI hostage negotiator and author of the new book, “Never Split the Difference,” in which he applies insights from years of working with criminals and terrorists to everyday life.

Chris Voss headshot credit Clinton Brandhagen

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When it comes to a salary negotiation  — or any negotiation, for that matter — Voss suggested that it’s best to take a step back and think about what you’re really trying to accomplish. In this case, it’s building your career.

Clinton Brandhagen Chris Voss.

Asking about your role at the company — what Voss calls a “side term” of the negotiation — gives you an opportunity to do just that. Here’s what he told us:

What happens is if you’re involved in strategic projects as a part of your job, now you’re suddenly in a room with the CEO on a regular basis — and the top management of the company.

And they get to see you a lot more often and they come to look at you as a reliable and a go-to person, which then plants your seeds for your success. Salary pays your bills but terms build your future.

This question has the added benefit of making you look like a team player right off the bat. Here’s Voss again:

As soon as you tell somebody you want to work on something that’s critical to the strategic future of the company, you’re telling them in a very subtle way you want to work to make their life better. And even if the answer’s “no,” they still like that that’s your approach.

In other words, by asking to be involved in big company projects, you stand out among a sea of people demanding more for themselves. Plus, you position yourself for success by showing that you’re motivated by the organization’s mission — that you’re ready and eager to take on the most important work they’ve got.

Businessinsider.com | May 20, 2016 | 

Your #Career : 20 Negotiation Tips for Getting the Salary you Want…Negotiating your Salary Can be Awkward & Challenging — & Actually Getting the Pay you Want Often seems Impossible. But it Isn’t.

“A job interview can be stressful, especially when it comes time to talk about money,” says etiquette expert and “Poised for Success” author Jacqueline Whitmore. “However, you can get what you want and deserve — most job seekers just aren’t sure when and how to ask for it.”

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To master the delicate dance that is a salary negotiation, you need to be able to push without offending the hiring manager or undercutting yourself.

Here’s how the pros do it:

Research the market.

To successfully negotiate your salary, negotiation expert Kim Keating writes in “Lean In For Graduates,” you’ll need to gather information to figure out what you’re really worth. “The time you invest can pay off in a big way. And I mean that literally,” she writes.

To protect yourself against accepting too little or asking for far too much, you can turn to sites like Glassdoor and Salary.com to determine the average compensation range for someone with your level of experience and skills and in your industry or company (or a comparable one, in terms of number of employees, revenue size, and location).

“At the end of the day, a candidate has a number in mind as to what they think they’re worth,” says Eddie R. Koller III, managing director and partner at Howard-Sloan-Koller Group, a technology and media recruiting firm. “But a company has limits to what they can spend.”

 

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Set your goals in advance.

Once you know what you’re worth, decide how much you would like to make and what’s the lowest offer you’d be willing to accept.

Ivanka Trump, CEO of Ivanka Trump Collection, says knowing what you want to achieve before heading into a negotiation is “the golden rule” for negotiating — but most people ignore it.

“Without a plan, you allow the opposing party to define your goals instead of the other way around,” she writes on Motto.

Don’t talk money until the interview process is over.

If you can delay discussing pay until there’s an offer on the table, you should.

“Once they’ve decided that they have to have you, only then are you in the position to negotiate,” says Dan Martineau, president of Martineau Recruiting Technology, a firm specializing in IT executive positions.

If your interviewer tries to talk about salary early on, Martineau tells Business Insider that the best thing to do is to tell the interviewer you would like to defer a conversation about compensation until after the company has had a chance to evaluate whether you’re the right fit for them.

Open with something personal.

As previously reported on Business Insider, in an experiment where Kellogg and Stanford students negotiated by email, those who shared unrelated personal details over the course of the negotiation — hobbies, hometowns, etc. — ended up getting significantly better results than those who kept things to name, email, and the dry monetary details.

Opening up a bit sends a signal that you’re trustworthy, according to Grant, and it makes it more likely that they’ll reciprocate.

Don’t ever disclose your current salary.

Revealing your salary history has the potential to negatively affect your income for your entire career.

“I would never, ever disclose my current salary or salary history to a prospective employer, even if it means ending the interview process,” writes recruiter and “Ask the Headhunter” author, Nick Corcodilos. “That is my advice to job hunters.”

If an interviewer asks what your current salary is, Corcodilos suggests politely but firmly declining to disclose your salary history by saying something along the lines of, “I’d be glad to help you assess what I’d be worth to your business by showing you what I can do for you, but my salary is personal and confidential, just as the salaries of your own employees are.”

Liz Ryan, founder and CEO of consulting firm The Human Workplace, recommends in a post on LinkedIn answering the question indirectly by giving your target salary range instead.

“How are you ever going to increase your earnings if every time you change jobs, you get a tiny raise over what they paid you at the last place?” she asks.

Be prepared to prove your value …

Don’t be afraid to toot your own horn a little.

“Be prepared to prove your value to the employer,” says Whitmore. “Have all of your facts and figures in order. Come prepared with a list of your qualifications, accomplishments (personal and professional), how you saved your last company money or increased your company’s bottom line, and why you are the one best suited for the job.”

 

… but only provide a couple reasons for your request.

“When preparing to make a first offer, people often overcorrect,” writes Wharton professor Adam Grant. “They’re so concerned about justifying their positions that they marshal as many reasons as possible.”

Grant points to research that found skilled negotiators averaged fewer than two reasons per argument, compared with three reasons per argument from the non-experts.

He explains that more reasons can dilute an argument, especially if some are weaker than others. And presenting too many reasons can convey a lack of confidence, “making clear that we’re uncertain of the legitimacy of our offer. An effective first offer is best supported by one or two compelling reasons,” Grant says.

Be excited, but not desperate.

You should reiterate your excitement and stay positive, but don’t be so excited that you seem desperate. You have no idea how many other candidates the hiring manager is interviewing so play it cool, says Martineau.

“Desperate is problematic. Eager is not. I want people who are eager and excited,” he says. “It’s only a good investment on my end if it’s a good investment on your end.”

However, Koller says that showing the employer that you’re excited about working for the company does make them more inclined to give you want you want.

Make the first offer.

As conventional wisdom goes, you should wait for the other party to make the initial offer in order to get more information to act on.

In reality, Grant says it’s much better to make the first offer because you get to set the “anchor,” the figure that affects the trajectory of the negotiation. As previously reported on Business Insider, people who make very high first offers end up with a much better result.

The first offer pulls the other person in its direction, and it’s difficult to adjust the other way.

Emphasize what the company gains by hiring you.

Recent research suggests that, when negotiating, emphasizing what you’re giving the other person as opposed to what they’re losing makes the other person more likely to concede.

Make sure you highlight what skills and experience you’re offering the company and your potential boss first, and use that to justify what you’re asking for.

Give a salary range rather than a target.

Offering a pay range instead of an exact number opens up room for discussion and shows the employer that you’re flexible. A range also “gives you a cushion,” says Martineau, in case your asking salary is too high.

“Most companies will meet you in your range, even if it’s the bottom third of that range,” he says. “Basically, if they want you, they don’t want to send the wrong message by not meeting you in that range.”

Presenting a range gives people information about what you’re actually asking for, and it makes you seem polite and reasonable — which means you’re less likely to get hit with a hard-line counteroffer.

Use odd, extremely precise numbers.

Using a weird, precise number makes sense during a negotiation. For example, instead of asking for $70,000, you’re better off asking for $68,500.

Malia Mason, lead researcher in a study published in The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, tells Business Insider that using a precise number instead of rounded numbers will give you a solid anchor. It also gives off the appearance that you’ve done your research.

Even when giving a range, you should use precise numbers.

Pay attention to your body language.

“The way in which you carry yourself, even when seated at a desk, matters,” Trump writes. She notes that most of our communication is nonverbal and that messages are often conveyed through our facial expressions, gestures, posture, and audible elements, like sighs.

Her suggestions: Don’t fidget. Don’t pick your nails or tap your foot. Don’t sit on the edge of your seat because it could make you look overeager. Don’t hunch over and drum your nails because it could communicate aggression or frustration. Don’t cross your arms protectively because it could make you appear meek and intimidated.

“Regardless of how fast your heart may be beating, sit upright, make eye contact, and focus on breathing evenly,” Trump writes.

Mirror the other person’s behavior.

When people are getting along, they mimic one another — mirroring each other’s accents, speech patterns, facial expressions, and body language.

A Stanford-Northwestern-INSEAD study found that people who were coached to mimic their negotiation partner’s behavior not only negotiated a better deal, but expanded the pie for both people.

“Negotiators who mimicked the mannerisms of their opponents both secured better individual outcomes, and their dyads as a whole also performed better when mimicking occurred compared to when it did not,” the authors wrote.

Listen more than you speak.

“When people are uncomfortable, and many people are when they have to negotiate, they start rambling as a way to fill the vacuum of silence,” Trump writes.

“Some of the strongest negotiators I know just sit back and listen. The less they engage, the more likely the other person is to slip up and offer information they otherwise would have kept guarded,” she says.

Always counteroffer, but don’t do it more than once.

Once you receive their offer, you are expected to make a counteroffer. No employer wants a pushover. However, Koller says that you should not go back to the negotiation table more than once because then “it becomes annoying to the hiring manager.”

“Once it gets really drawn out, it gets frustrating for both sides,” and you don’t want to start a new job off on the wrong foot, he says.

Consider your alternatives.

If the employer can’t meet your requested salary, be prepared to negotiate for benefits, like additional vacation days or the ability to telecommute one day per week, Whitmore suggests.

“Salary isn’t everything, and I think you should be open minded,” she says.

“If you don’t get the amount you want, reply with, ‘May I have a job performance review in six or nine months?’ This will give you a window of time to prove yourself and then re-negotiate for a salary increase,” Whitmore suggests.

Practice patience.

Give yourself time to think about their offer, Whitmore says. “Try not to give a definite answer right away. Ask the employer, ‘May I get back to you at the end of the week?'” Separation creates anticipation. This extra time will allow you to review your options with your family or other potential employers, she explains.

Keep a positive attitude.

“If you don’t get the salary you think you deserve, don’t share the news with everyone you know,” says Whitmore. “News travels fast and your comments might come back to haunt you.” And never bad-mouth an employer on social networks, she adds.

“Don’t take it personally. The timing may not be right or the economy may be partly to blame. Consider this: The hiring manager may even call you again in the future if a position in your price range opens up.”

Vivian Giang contributed to a previous version of this article.

 

Businessinsider.com | February 25, 2016 | Jacquelyn Smith and Rachel Gillett

 

 

#Strategy : 13 Science-Backed Tactics for Winning any Negotiation…Whether it’s your Salary or your Cable Bill, a Lot of Life is Up for Negotiation. 

Fortunately for you, there are plenty of psychological tricks that can help you get what you want — especially when you start out as the person with less power.

Free- Counting Abacus

Here, we rounded up some of the most practical and creative science-backed negotiating strategies.

Know your context.

Is the negotiation one-shot or long-term?

In “The Mind and the Heart of the Negotiator,” Kellogg management professor Leigh Thompson notes that the interaction between a customer and the waitstaff at a highway roadside diner is one of the few one-shot negotiations that happen in life — there’s little chance that patron or staff will see each other again.

But every other negotiation is long-term, with employment negotiations as a primary example. If it’s long-term, you need to manage not only monetary value, but the impression you’re making.

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Make the first offer.

It makes use of the anchoring effect.

If you start high, the hiring manager may adjust the figure down slightly. But that’s typically a stronger position than starting low and trying to negotiate up.

“Whoever makes the first offer essentially drops an anchor on the table,” Thompson tells Business Insider. “I might say that your opening offer is ridiculous, but nevertheless, unconsciously, I’ve been anchored.”

 

Make an aggressive offer.

Columbia University negotiation scholar Adam Galinsky says that people are overly cautious when making first offers.

On HBS Working Knowledge, Galinsky likens negotiating a salary to selling a house:

Take the perspective of the seller: more extreme first offers lead to higher final settlements…

High-anchor offers lead buyers to focus on a negotiated item’s positive attributes. In addition, an aggressive first offer allows you to offer concessions and still reach an agreement that’s much better than your alternatives.

In contrast, a nonaggressive first offer leaves you with two unappealing options: Make small concessions or stand by your demands.

Before you go in, know the lowest amount you’d accept.

Scholars call it the “reservation value,” or the lowest amount you’ll take.

“We always hope to do better than our reservation values,” writes negotiation expert Chad Ellis, “but it’s important to know what yours is, both to avoid accepting a deal you shouldn’t have and as a reference point for how much a current deal is worth to you.”

Having a firm grasp of your reservation value is important from a psychological perspective: If you anchor it into your mind,you’ll be less anchored by the other person’s offer.

 

 

Mirror the other person’s behavior.

When people are getting along, they mimic one another — mirroring each other’s accents, speech patterns, facial expressions, and body language.

A Stanford-Northwestern-INSEAD studyfound that people who were coached to mimic their negotiation partners behavior not only negotiated a better deal, but expanded the pie for both people.

“Negotiators who mimicked the mannerisms of their opponents both secured better individual outcomes, and their dyads as a whole also performed better when mimicking occurred compared to when it did not,” the authors wrote.

Offer a range slightly above what you hope to get.

Research indicates that people respond best when given a “bolstering range offer,” where you state the number that you’re looking for — and a range above it. If you’re trying to get to a $100,000 salary, ask for a salary range of $100,000 to $120,000.

Offering a range strikes people as more reasonable than standing firm on a single number, so you’re less likely to get hit with an extreme counteroffer.

 

Tell them something about yourself.

In a 2002 experiment cited by Wharton professor Adam Grant, Northwestern and Stanford students were asked to negotiate over email.

Some went straight to business, exchanging only names and email addresses.

Others went off-topic, “schmoozing” about hometowns and hobbies.

The schmoozers reached an agreement 59% of the time, while the business-only made it 40% of the time.

Keep all your options on the table.

Grant also notes the work of researcher Neil Rackham, who found that skilled negotiators don’t “sequence” the topics within a negotiation — they keep everything on the table.

So instead of saying, “Let’s resolve the salary first, and then we’ll move on to the other issues,” you resolve the components of the agreement all together — location, vacation time, or signing bonus.

“By keeping all of the issues on the table, you have the flexibility to propose trading location and bonus for a bump in salary,” Grant writes.

 

Use a precise figure rather than a round number.

You’ll probably sound like you know what you’re talking about.

That’s according to recent research, which found that dealmakers who present more precise offers (like $1.01 million) in mergers and acquisitions see more favorable outcomes than those who present round-number offers (like $1 million).

Specifically, those who make precise offers are more likely to win the negotiation, to have their initial offer accepted, and to see higher announcement returns.

Elicit your partner’s sympathy.

When you’re the less powerful party in a negotiation, it can help to make the other person feel slightly bad for you.

That’s according to a recent study co-authored by researchers at the University of California-Berkeley’s Haas School of Business and New York University. During mock negotiations around salary and benefits, some participants were told to reveal they had student loans and an ill parent and others were told it was best to stick to rational arguments.

Results showed that students in the first group, who gained their partner’s sympathy, were more likely to get what they wanted. In fact, both parties walked away with a better deal in these situations.

 

Emphasize what you’re giving the other person.

And don’t focus on what the other person is losing.

study conducted by researchers at Leuphana University and Saarland University in Germany explored this in a range of negotiations, including buying and selling used appliances.

In one experiment, participants were divided into buyers and sellers and asked to rate their partner’s proposal. In some cases, they received offers (e.g. “The seller offers the refrigerator for a price of 160,” or, “The buyer offers a price of 160 for the refrigerator”). In other cases, they received requests (e.g. “The seller requests a price of 160 for the refrigerator,” or, “The buyer requests the refrigerator for a price of 160″).

Results showed that both buyers and sellers were more likely to concede when the other person focused on what they were going to gain from the negotiation (offers), in contrast to what they were going to lose (requests).

Act in unpredictable ways.

One study found that expressing inconsistent emotions throughout a negotiation can yield more favorable outcomes than staying emotionally stable.

In one experiment featured in the study, students role-played face-to-face negotiations for a new business venture. Half the students were told to express either consistent anger or inconsistent emotions. Those told to express anger said things like, “You’re beginning to get on my nerves,” while those told to express inconsistent emotions also said things like, “I’m very happy we’re negotiating together.”

Results showed that students who expressed inconsistent emotions claimed greater value in the negotiations. And other experiments in which students alternated between anger and disappointment yielded similar findings.

The reason is likely because the partners of those expressing inconsistent emotions felt less control over the situation.

Interact through a virtual medium.

According to research from Imperial College London, presented at the Annual Conference of the British Psychological Society, face-to-face interactions tend to favor the more powerful person in the negotiation.

In one part of the study, 74 people participated in two-sided negotiations in which one party was more powerful than the other; in another part of the study, 63 people participated in three-sided talks where the levels of hierarchy varied. These talks either took place in person or in a 3D virtual simulation.

Results showed that the less powerful people performed better in the virtual settings. So you may want to consider petitioning your boss for a higher salary or a flexible schedule over email.

 

Businessinsider.com | February 18, 2016 | Drake Baer and Shana Lebowitz

Your #Career : 15 Surprising #Negotiating Tricks to Boost your #Salary ..In Face-to-Face Negotiations, a Study Out of Imperial College London Research Finds That the More Powerful Person Will Usually Win Out.

Whether you’re Asking for a Raise or Negotiating your Salary at a New Job, One Thing Stays Consistent: It’s Nerve-racking.   But it’s also necessary. An analysis by Salary.com suggests that not negotiating could potentially cost you more than a million dollars over the course of your career. Not that knowing that makes it any easier.

Screen Shot 2015 07 17 at 2.50.11 PM

You can do better.

We combed through research to collect some of the simplest — and most surprising — strategies that help lead you to what you want.

Max Nisen contributed to an earlier version of this article.

 

Always use precise numbers in offers and counter-offers.

Always use precise numbers in offers and counter-offers.

REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko

Throwing out your target salary as $103,500 seems a little bit silly — doesn’t $100,000 tell pretty much the same story? — but research from Columbia Business School suggests that using precise numbers makes a more powerful anchor in negotiations.

According to Malia Mason, the author of the study, kicking off a negotiation with exact-sounding numbers leads the other party to think that you’ve done research to arrive at those particular digits — and that, in turn, makes them think you’re likely correct.

But…

 …It’s better to suggest a salary range rather than a single number.

Using precise numbers doesn’t mean using single precise numbers. In a separate study, Mason and her Columbia Business School colleague Daniel Ames found that presenting a salary range — including and above your desired target — is the best way to get results.

In the past, organizational psychologists thought a range would work against you — wouldn’t people just fixate on the lower number? — but Ames and Mason found that’s not the case.

Presenting a range works for two reasons, they say: It gives your boss information about what you’re actually asking for, and it makes you seem polite and reasonable — which means you’re less likely to get hit with a hard-line counteroffer.

 

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Open with something personal, and your negotiating partner will respond in kind.

In an experiment where Kellogg and Stanford students negotiated by email, those who shared unrelated personal details over the course of the negotiation — hobbies, hometowns, etc. — ended up getting significantly better results than those who kept things to name, email, and the dry monetary details.

Opening up a bit sends a signal that you’re trustworthy, according to Wharton professor Adam Grant in a LinkedIn post, and makes it more likely that they’ll reciprocate.

Think of the negotiation as a competition.

In most salary negotiations, you’re going after something that the other party doesn’t particularly want to give you. That makes it a competition, and viewing it such leads to better results, according to research from George Mason Professor Michelle Marks and Temple Professor Crystal Harold.

The team looked at five different negotiation strategies: accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing, and compromising. And — spoiler alert — compromising was not the best strategy.

Instead, Marks and Harold found that people who use competitive or collaborative strategies — employing “open discussion of issues and perspectives” — ended up with higher salaries than those who were “accommodating” or “compromising.”

Women might consider employing their ‘feminine charms’ — very, very strategically.

According to a study from Berkeley professor Laura Kray, using “feminine charm” — a balance of friendly and flirtatious behavior — can substantially increase gains from a negotiation. It’s a “strategic behavior aimed at making the person you are negotiating with feel good in order to get them to agree to your goals,” she told The Independent.

It’s an adaptive strategy that helps our general cultural discomfort with aggressive women. But — as there always is — there’s a caveat: a little bit of feminine charm can work for you, but if you’re seen as too overtly flirtatious, you’re less likely to be trusted by your coworkers, the study suggested.

Don’t go face to face until you have to.

Generally, if you’re the one asking for a higher salary, you are not the one in the position of power — the person who is hiring you or determining your raise is in control. They have to agree to the number in the end, and they usually have more power over your career and work environment at the organization.

In face-to-face negotiations, a study out of Imperial College London research finds that the more powerful person will usually win out. People think differently when they’re apart, and power hierarchies matter less from a distance. If you’re negotiating with your boss, you have a better chance when negotiations are conducted by email.

If you’re meeting in person, make steady eye contact.

If you're meeting in person, make steady eye contact.

Business Insider

Not every negotiator resorts to deception. But it’s often in their interest to hide how excited they about a candidate — and how willing they might actually be to bump up their offer.

According to a study from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), one of the most effective ways to keep people honest is to make steady eye contact.

Put any concerns you have on the table all at once.

Put any concerns you have on the table all at once.

Julia La Roche for Business Insider

When getting an offer, many people want to seem happy, and avoid looking too needy or disappointed. They might bring up a concern or two, but gloss over other issues that — inevitably — end up coming up later.

That drives hiring managers crazy, according to Harvard professor Deepak Malhotra. The best strategy is to reveal all of your concerns at once, and note which ones are most important, so you can work through them together.

Make the first offer.

Make the first offer.

AP

Conventional wisdom is that you should wait for the other party to make the initial offer in order to get more information to act on. The problem with that thinking, though, says Wharton professor Adam Grant in a LinkedIn post, is that it’s wrong.

In reality, it’s much better to make the first offer because you get to set the “anchor,” the figure that affects the trajectory of the negotiation. People who make very high first offers end up with a much better result.

The first offer pulls the other person in its direction, and it’s difficult to adjust the other way.

Get them to talk about themselves.

While you clearly want to make an assertive case for your position, it might be wiser to open negotiations with a little chit-chat — especially if you can get your negotiating partner to talk about themselves.

According to Harvard neuroscientist Diana Tamir, the author of a recent study on the neurological effects of talking about yourself, it can trigger the same sensations of pleasure as food or money.

But…

…Chatting works better if you’re a man.

Unfortunately for female negotiators, another study — this one by led by researcher Brooke Ann Shaughnessy, of Technische U. München, in Germany — opening with small talk only works if you’re a man.

The researchers found that chatting before diving in leads men to get “more favorable final offers.” But the study found that small talk didn’t do anything for women (though it also didn’t do any harm, and it’s possible that women could also get results if they were really, really, really good small talkers, the researchers say).

That’s likely because of long-standing gender stereotypes: Going into a negotiation, men are traditionally seen as aggressive, and friendly small talk can be disarming — and get you what you want.

 

Rank your priorities, and share them.

“In a job offer negotiation, for example, you might say that salary is most important to you, followed by location, and then vacation time and signing bonus,” Wharton Professor Adam Grant writes in a LinkedIn post. “Research shows that rank-ordering is a powerful way to help your counterparts understand your interests without giving away too much information.”

Then follow up by asking them for their priorities, and look for mutually beneficial trade offs on the most important issues.

Which brings us to…

Strike a ‘power pose’ before you get started.

According to research from Harvard Business School Professor Amy Cuddy, adopting a “power pose” with legs widely spaced and hands on hips (channel Wonder Woman) can actually alter body chemistry, making you feel measurably more powerful and willing to take (and stick to) risks.

It boosts testosterone, which increases confidence, and it also reduces the stress hormone cortisol. Just what you need before a negotiation.

Be a little unpredictable.

Be a little unpredictable.

Scott Olson/Getty Images

The default for negotiations is a relatively level and less emotional approach, an attempt to be as rational as possible. But injecting some passion and unpredictability can create an advantage.

A study from Columbia Business School professor Adam Galinsky found that emotional inconsistency from negotiators leads to greater concessions from the other party because they feel less in control of the situation.

Expressing anger, alternating between anger and happiness, and alternating between anger and disappointment all yielded bigger concessions.

Consider tears (but tread carefully!).

Going into a high-pressure negotiating situation, it makes sense to try to stay on an even keel: you’re controlled, you’re balanced, you’re in charge of your emotions.

But a recent study from ESSEC, the University of Michigan, the University of Paris, and EMLYON, found that in certain situations, expressing sadness — and even tears  — can apparently make you more likely to get what you want from the negotiation.

If your negotiating partner sees you as “low power,” if they anticipate continued interactions with you, and if they see your relationship as collaborative, then it’s possible that what Science Alert calls a “warranted display of pathos” could — maybe — get you what you your raise.

But even if it’s true, it’s very very very risky (do you really want to be seen as low power forever?). In the long run, it seems likely you’d be better off with a power pose, a well-chosen salary range, and a competitive spirit.

 

Businessinsider.com | July 20, 2015 | Rachel Sugar

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-negotiate-a-higher-salary?op=1#ixzz3gSheVcoY